Covid19 overview

 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. It's first case was reported from Wuhan,China on 31 december 2019. It was first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan. After the huge scientific research on the origin of coronavirus ,they found the very important clue on the important of Wuhan sea food market.In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.

Structure of COVID-19

Viruses have been broadly classified into 6 types based on their genome


1. 1st class includes viruses with double stranded DNA
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2. 2nd class, viruses with single stranded DNA
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3. 3rd class : viruses with ds RNA viruses

In 4th , 5th and 6th class are ss RNA viruses with some differences.

4. 4th class, viruses with positive strand ss RNA i.e RNA same as that of mRNA which can be directly translated into proteins

5. 5th class, ss RNA viruses with RNA of opposite polarity to that of mRNA are present i.e negative starnad RNA

6.In 6th class ss RNA viruses are there but these viruses have the capability to synthesise DNA from their RNA since they possess an enzyme reverse transcriptase.

Coronaviruses belong 4th class…that is they have singly stranded positive sense RNA with a protein coat. Coronavirus genome is very large infact it is among the largest mature RNA virus molecules known and second the nucleocapsid has helical symmetry. Also, the coronaviruses are enveloped virus i.e apart from the protein coat they also have a lipoprotein envelope. The lipoprotein envelope has lipids derived from the host cell membrane and the proteins in this envelope are synthesised from the viral genome. One of these proteins known as spike protein kind of forms a rim around the membrane. This rim gives it an appearnace similar to corona of the sun and thats why this virus is name as coronavirus. This spike protein is the one through which virus attaches to a receptor, and then the virus and host cell membrane fuse causing entry of viral genome into the cell. There are 2 other proteins.. one is known as membrane protein M protein which gives the virus envelope its shape while the other is E-protein i.e envelope protein… They are said to have roles in the assembly of the virus genome , capsid and the envelope as the virus leaves the host cell.

Covid-19 Symptoms

Symptoms

COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization.

Most common symptoms:

1. tiredness
2. fever
3. dry cough

Less common symptoms:

1. diarrhoea
2. sore throat
3. headache
4. aches and pains
5. conjunctivitis
6. loss of taste or smell
7. a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes

Serious symptoms:

1. chest pain or pressure 
2. loss of speech or movement
3. difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

Causes

The virus that cause COVID-19 spread very easily and quickly among the people . They mainly transfer from human to human through the contact within the range of 2 meter or 6 feet . It spread by respiratory droplet when infected person cough, sneezes, breathes, sings or talks. These droplet when come in contact with the other healthy person and cause infection

 

When we did the further studied about it's spread from one person to another it is found  that this virus can also spread by a person being exposed to small droplets or aerosols that stay in the air for several minutes or hours. Such transmission is called airborne

It can also spread if the healthy person touches the surface or object that is contaminated by virus and touches his mouth eye and ear

Complication

It has been found that most of the infected person have mild to moderate symptoms but this disease can cause the major complication and can lead to the death

Complications can include:

1. Pneumonia and trouble breathing
2. Acute kidney injury
3. Organ failure in several organs
4. Blood clots
5. Heart problems
6. A severe lung condition that causes a low amount of oxygen to go through your bloodstream to your organs (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
7. Additional viral and bacterial infections

Prevention 

In order to prevent yourself from this infection you must prevent yourself by avoiding exposure to the virus 

1. Avoid close contact .Always maintain the distance of 2 meter of 6 feet with other person .
2. Avoid crowd and indoor with poor ventilation
3. Wash your hand with soap for atleast 20 sec ,if not possible use the hand sanitizer with alcohol atleast 70%.
4. Always wear the mask in a public places where there is high risk of transmission. Surgical mask and N95 mask are best prefer for the protection against virus
5. Cover your mouth with elbow or tissue paper while coughing or sneezing and wash your hand immediately or dispose the tissue paper in proper place .
6. Avoid sharing personal goods and other things if you're sick
7. Stay home and avoid office school if you are sick

Above step are just an temporary step to remain free from covid -19 infection so in order to get rid of this virus vaccination is most important.